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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historic area of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was developed to drive away Viking invaders and also a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. During this period the town was a hectic trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, despite not having its very own harbour till 1775. The initial documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and also in 1372 Royal Burgh status was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of 3 primary communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a great deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also several of the most awful culprits were members of the nobility. According to documents kept by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and also prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of an altercation between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his loved one. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his pals as well as fans after that struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street as well as finishing him off with a handgun shot. Banff and also Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was finally subjugated by the seven arched bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been integrated in 1765, yet was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was brought back into use, till it was lost in a flood in 1773. A public conference was kept in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike roadway between Turiff and Banff as the existing road remained in a depressing state of repair service. Later on 19th century transport enhancements consisted of the building of two train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the main Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (making up the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was important to the herring trade, with production peaking in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, nonetheless by 1912 production had actually decreased to just over eight thousand barrels. Presently, the languages spoken in the town and also in its location tend to be the Doric language of Scots, and also English.